Producing maple syrup in New England is already a challenge thanks to the region's unpredictable spring weather. But now, maple producers are facing added uncertainty due to President Donald Trump’s shifting tariff policies, which are shaking confidence in an industry deeply tied to international trade.

“Whenever there’s a disruption in our cross-border operations, we feel it,” said Jim Judd, a fourth-generation maple producer who runs Judd’s Wayeeses Farms in Morgan, Vermont. “The process of making maple syrup is already uncertain.”

Judd, who’s been in the business since the 1970s, noted that international cooperation is crucial to syrup production. Sap-processing equipment often contains stainless steel from China, packaging materials frequently come from Italy, and Canada — the world’s leading maple syrup producer — supplies most of the equipment used by U.S. producers. Canada also exports nearly two-thirds of its syrup to the United States.

That’s why producers in Vermont, as well as in other syrup-producing states like New York, Maine, and Wisconsin, are especially concerned about the current trade tensions.

Earlier this month, Trump temporarily delayed the harshest tariffs on most nations for 90 days but raised tariffs on Chinese imports to 145%. He also remains locked in tense negotiations over tariffs with Canada and Mexico.

According to Allison Hope, executive director of the Vermont Maple Sugar Makers' Association, there appears to be no immediate tariff on finished maple products — but it’s unclear what the implications are for the essential packaging and equipment that often come from China.

“It’s as unpredictable as New England weather — wait five minutes and it could change,” Hope said. “Now we have to think about how Canada sources and produces its equipment. It’s hard for businesses to plan for growth when the industry outlook is so uncertain.”

This uncertainty comes at a time of significant growth for syrup producers. Vermont’s production has risen nearly 500% over the past two decades, driven by scaling operations, new entrants to the industry, and increased consumer demand for natural sweeteners.

However, disrupting trade with Canada — a crucial supplier and partner — could have serious consequences. Judd says he’s invested heavily in Canadian-made equipment over the years, and new import tariffs could drive up his costs dramatically. Since maple syrup is considered a luxury item, he fears he wouldn’t be able to raise prices to offset those costs.

“We rely on Canada — we can’t source what we need anywhere else,” Judd said. “I’ve been crossing this border all my life. The recent changes we’re seeing don’t all seem necessary.”