World High Blood Pressure Day: High blood pressure is one of the leading causes of premature death in the country
Dr. Muhammad Mahtab Hossain Mazed
Today Friday is World High Blood Pressure Day 2024. Control high blood pressure and live longer. As a member of the World Hypertension League, the Hypertension Committee of the National Heart Foundation of Bangladesh has been celebrating May 17 since 2006. The day will be celebrated in Bangladesh like other countries of the world. According to the World Health Organization, about 1.5 billion people in the world suffer from high blood pressure. And this problem kills about 7 million people worldwide every year.
High blood pressure is a silent killer worldwide Known as and like many other countries, a large number of people in Bangladesh suffer from high blood pressure.
> When to understand high blood pressure?
Two readings of blood pressure, eg 120/80. The first is systolic. When the heart beats or contracts, the pressure in the blood vessels is called 'systolic blood pressure'. And the bottom is 'Diastolic'. If you get 140/90 for two days in a row, it is high blood pressure. Generally 120/89 mmHg is normal blood pressure.
A sudden rise in blood pressure can cause life-threatening conditions. So scientists call it silent killer. Experts say that one crore people die every year due to high blood pressure. This number is higher than many infectious diseases. 68 percent of deaths in the country are caused by non-communicable diseases. The death rate due to high blood pressure is 33 percent. This is the calculation for 2022.
According to January this year, one in five people in the country has high blood pressure. Only 14 percent of patients are able to control it by taking regular medication. Another study in 2022 found that 23 percent of the urban population had high blood pressure.
High blood pressure in the arteries of the heart is known as high blood pressure. Healthy eating and healthy lifestyle habits are important to keep the heart healthy and blood pressure under control.Bangla Katha Blood Pressure But I don't understand Bengali because English is familiarThis disease called blood pressure has spread widely these days. Any patient goes to the doctor's office and says, Doctor, look at my blood pressure. It is usually a disease of rich and luxurious people in the city. It is not erogenous for the day laborers. And although blood pressure is not high, it remains at low pressureNow understand what this blood pressure? The consequences of high blood pressure are very dangerous and alarming.
High blood pressure is the force driven by the beating of the heart.
> Symptoms of blood pressure other diseases:-
Sometimes the blood pressure is very high, sometimes it decreases, headache, dizziness, feeling of pressure in the chest, palpitations, feeling of heaviness in the head, reluctance to do physical work, shortness of breath, asthma-like condition, sleepiness decreases, sometimes bleeding from the nose. .Many more symptoms may come, blood rising in the head, restlessness, chills, headache, eyes, red face, drowsiness, or a senseless state, as a result of heart contraction-expansion, blood circulates throughout the body through blood vessels. Blood pressure or high blood pressure is the pressure that blood exerts on the arteries as it flows through the blood vessels. Blood pressure has two values systolic and diastolic.• Blood pressure is higher during heart contraction. This blood pressure created in the arteries as a result of heart contraction is called 'systolic' blood pressure. On the other hand, • When the heart expands, the blood pressure on the arteries is less.
> Causes of high blood pressure:-
- In 5 percent of cases, the cause of high blood pressure is known. High blood pressure that has a known cause is called secondary hypertension. These factors include kidney disease, adrenal gland disease, etc.
- 2. In 95 percent of cases, the cause of high blood pressure is unknown. This high blood pressure with no known cause is called essential hypertension.During the 1930s and 1940s, some influential physicians believed and preached that increasing blood pressure was necessary to pump blood through narrow and rigid blood vessels, especially with age. They also said that an increase in blood pressure does not increase the risk of death. A lot of time has passed, a lot of surveys and studies have been done; Today, it is established that the increase in blood pressure is not essential or an essential consequence of aging, but that the increase in blood pressure increases the risk of cardiovascular complications and death. The earlier concept has changed radically but the name still remains – essential hypertension. Although the exact cause of essential hypertension is unknown, certain factors are known to increase the risk of developing high blood pressure. These are called risk factors. Significant risk factors are heredity, age, caste, sedentary lifestyle, stress, smoking, alcoholism, obesity, etc. In 90 percent of cases, no specific cause of high blood pressure is known, it is called primary or essential blood pressure. Generally, high blood pressure is more common in older people.
> Primary causes of high blood pressure:-
* High blood pressure is hereditary, if parents have high blood pressure, the child is also at risk of developing this disease. Even if a close relative has high blood pressure, others are at risk.
* Smoking: In the body of a smoker, the body of a smoker can develop various types of arterial and venous diseases and heart diseases in response to various toxic compounds of tobacco.
* Excess salt intake: Dietary salt contains sodium, which increases the water content of the blood. As a result, blood volume and pressure increase.
* Overweight and lazy lifestyle: Not enough exercise and physical activity can lead to weight gain. It has to work extra hard on the heart. Overweight people have high blood pressure.
* Unhealthy eating habits: Eating high fat foods like meat, butter and deep fried foods leads to weight gain. Eating egg yolk and liver, kidney, brain increases blood cholesterol. If there is excess cholesterol in the blood, the walls of blood vessels become thick and hard. Blood pressure may increase as a result.
* Diabetes: Diabetes patients develop high blood pressure with age. Apart from this, they may have blindness and various kidney diseases.
* Excessive anxiety: Excessive anger, excitement, fear and stress can also cause blood pressure to rise temporarily. If this stress continues and the patient is unable to cope with the increasing stress, then this high blood pressure can become permanent.
> Certain diseases can cause high blood pressure. If a specific cause is found, it is called secondary hypertension. Some of these reasons are:
* Kidney disease.
* Tumors of adrenal gland and pituitary gland.
* Hereditary diseases of the arteries.
* In case of eclampsia during pregnancy and post-eclampsia.
* Long-term use of birth control pills, steroid-like hormones, and certain pain relievers.
>Heart disease due to high blood pressure
The elasticity of your arteries can be damaged by high blood pressure, which reduces the flow of blood and oxygen to your heart and increases the risk of heart disease.
Chest pain is felt, this type of problem is called angina.
Myocardial infarction occurs when the blood supply to your heart is cut off and the heart muscle dies without enough oxygen, colloquially known as a heart attack. As long as your blood flow is cut off, heart damage will occur. If treatment is not started on time Even death can occur.
Heart failure, a condition in which your heart cannot pump enough blood to your other organs.
> Brain problems and strokes due to high blood pressure
High blood pressure in the human body leads to rupture or blockage of arteries that supply blood and oxygen to the brain, which can lead to a stroke. Brain cells die due to lack of sufficient oxygen during a stroke. A stroke can also impair a person's ability to speak, move, and perform other activities. A stroke can even lead to your death. A direct link between high blood pressure and brain function and dementia has been observed, especially in middle-aged people.
> Tips to reduce the risk of high blood pressure:-
* By changing life
It is possible to reduce the risk of high blood pressure. It is not possible to reduce high blood pressure if it is hereditary. However, in such cases, more attention should be paid to the elements that can be controlled.
* Excess weight should be reduced: should control food intake and exercise regularly. Once goal weight is reached, diet should be restricted and exercise should be continued. Losing weight by taking drugs is dangerous, it is better not to take weight loss drugs without doctor's advice.
* Precautions in food intake: Low fat and low cholesterol foods should be taken. For example - Khasi or beef, liver, brain, gills, eggs should be eaten less. Foods cooked with less oil and skimmed milk, unsaturated fats such as soybean, canola, corn or sunflower oil can be consumed. It is better to consume high fiber foods. Flour breads and semolina-like foods are good to eat in moderation.
* Salt control: Avoid excess salt in curries.
* Alcohol: Alcohol should be avoided.
* Regular exercise: morning-evening walking, running if possible, light exercise, using the stairs instead of the elevator, etc.
* No smoking: Smoking must be avoided. Avoid contact with smokers. Tobacco leaves, jorda, flowers etc. should be avoided.
* Diabetes Control: Those who have diabetes must control it.
* To deal with mental and physical stress. Regular rest, sleep on time, body should rest from excessive fatigue. Peace of mind will be more by doing your hobbies etc.
* Regular blood pressure check: Blood pressure should be checked regularly by visiting the doctor. The earlier hypertension is diagnosed, the earlier it can be controlled and prevent complications or complications.
> Is high blood pressure a complex disease?
High blood pressure can have dire consequences. High blood pressure often has no early symptoms. Silent high blood pressure can damage different parts of the body. This is why high blood pressure can be called the 'silent killer'. Uncontrolled and untreated high blood pressure can lead to fatal physical complications.
> Low blood pressure
If the blood pressure decreases that is not a good sign eitherDarkness in the eyes, physical discomfort with dizziness may occur. Moreover, there may be a possibility of diarrhea, anemia or TB disease. If the blood pressure drops suddenly, then you may have to increase the amount of salt in the food along with salt and sugar syrup. But it is necessary to consult a doctor quickly without delayIt should be remembered that low blood pressure can become dangerous like high blood pressure so it should not be neglected.
>Regular blood pressure check:
Blood pressure should be checked regularly by a doctor.
What should be treated if you have high blood pressure?
High blood pressure is not curable, it can be controlled. For this you have to take medicines regularly. Do not stop taking medicine without doctor's advice. Many people express reluctance to take medicine even after knowing that they are suffering from high blood pressure.
Some even think that high blood pressure is not causing any problems in their daily life or have no symptoms of the disease, so they don't want to take high blood pressure medication. This idea is completely wrong. Such patients suffer sudden heart attacks or strokes, and even die.
Finally, if there is a body, there will be diseases, but there is nothing to worry or panic about it. Just follow the rules, routine check-ups and maintain a healthy lifestyleIt is possible to avoid complex problems in the future only by following the advice of a doctor without hesitation if any problem related to blood pressure appears in the body.
The writer is a, Founder Chairman, Jatiya Rogi Kallyan Society Physician, columnist and researcher
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