Md Aman Ullah, BAU

Antibiotics are the primary treatment option for bacterial infections in both humans and animals. However, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as a global threat to health systems worldwide. According to research, antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections claimed approximately 1.2 million lives globally in 2019. AMR is a process where bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites develop resistance to antimicrobial drugs, making them difficult to control.

Researchers at Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) have achieved initial success in observing the antimicrobial efficacy of mango seed kernels. These discarded mango seeds kernels have shown potential in combating both Gram-positive bacteria and antibiotic-resistant strains, including methicillin-resistant and penicillin-resistant bacteria.

Led by Professor Dr. Md. Golzar Hossain from the Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, the research team at BAU has discovered that antimicrobial elements derived from mango seed extract effectively counter various bacterial strains. The team suggests that this natural extract could serve as an alternative to synthetic antimicrobial drugs.

The promising study began in April 2023, funded internally, with contributions from several BAU faculty members, including Professor Dr. Sukumar Saha, Professor Dr. Sharmin Akter, Professor Dr. Biplob Kumar Saha, and postgraduate students Rahila Jannat Sadiya, Chandon Sikder, Ananda Majumder, Moslema Jahan Mou, and Nazmul Hasan Siyam.

Describing the process of deriving antimicrobial compounds from mango seeds, Dr. Golzar said, “Bangladesh produces a large quantity of mangoes, and these seeds are usually discarded. We examined the antimicrobial properties of seeds from locally grown mango varieties. Using a chemical extraction method, we produced an extract from these discarded seeds, which has proven effective against certain bacterial strains. When tested on mice, the extract showed minimal toxicity, even at higher doses, causing only slight changes in liver and kidney functions without significant adverse effects."

Further Scaning electron microscopic analysis revealed that the mango seed extract could destroy bacterial cell structures. It also appeared to break down biofilms formed by bacteria. In tests, mice infected with bacteria showed rapid recovery after receiving the mango seed extract.

Dr. Golzar explained that the next phase of their research involves testing the extract in poultry. “If successful, this could make a visible impact in Bangladesh’s poultry sector and healthcare, providing economic savings and supporting national development.”

Discussing the global implications of antimicrobial resistance, Dr. Golzar remarked, “AMR is a critical global threat. Antibiotics remain the primary line of defense against bacterial infections in humans and animals, but many bacteria have developed resistance to commercially produced synthetic antimicrobials. The World Health Organization (WHO) has identified AMR as a global public health challenge. Research indicates that herbal medicines can be safer, more convenient, and affordable alternatives to synthetic drugs. WHO is emphasizing research on natural substances, particularly discarded plant materials.”

Bangladesh ranks among the world’s top mango producers. Mangoes contain various macro and micronutrients, and while the peel and seed kernels have medicinal properties, they are usually discarded. Although previous studies have explored the antimicrobial properties of mango peels and leaves, there are no published scientific studies on mango seeds in Bangladesh, though preliminary research has been conducted in some other countries.

Dr. Sukumar Saha noted, “There’s something in this crude extract that has destroyed the bacteria. Now, our main focus is to identify the active component responsible for this antibacterial effect. Isolating this active ingredient could potentially eliminate 99.99% of the extract’s toxicity, making it a viable alternative treatment."