Dr Matiur Rahman

Bangladesh finds itself in the fiery grip of an unprecedented heat wave. Soaring temperatures are pushing the limits of human endurance, posing a severe threat to the health and well-being of millions, particularly outdoor workers and those living in poverty. A simple yet potentially transformative solution emerges in this crisis – low-cost, energy-efficient cooling vests. These vests offer a beacon of hope, a practical tool to enhance resilience against the scorching heat and safeguard lives and livelihoods.

For Bangladesh's outdoor workforce, the heat wave is not an inconvenience; it's a brutal adversary. Construction workers labouring under the unforgiving sun, farmers toiling in sweltering fields, and rickshaw pullers navigating scorching streets – all face the relentless assault of heat stress. This condition occurs when the body cannot cool itself down effectively, leading to a cascade of problems. Reduced work capacity, fatigue, dehydration, heatstroke, and even fatalities are all too common consequences.

These endanger worker safety and translate into significant economic losses for the nation. Heat-stressed workers become less productive, leading to project delays and a decline in overall output. Increased healthcare costs due to heat-related illnesses further strain the nation's resources.

The burden of extreme heat is not borne equally. Those living in poverty, particularly in densely populated slums, are especially vulnerable. Cramped living conditions, limited access to proper ventilation, and the inability to afford cooling solutions like air conditioners all contribute to a heightened risk of heatstroke and other heat-related illnesses. Children, older adults, and those with pre-existing health conditions are even more susceptible to the dangers of extreme heat.

In this searing landscape, low-cost, energy-efficient cooling vests offer a ray of hope. These vests utilise a combination of strategies to keep wearers cool. One approach employs special fabrics with high moisture-wicking properties. As the wearer sweats, the fabric absorbs moisture and draws it away from the skin, promoting evaporation.

This evaporative cooling effect creates a cooling sensation on the body's surface. Another approach utilises phase-change materials (PCMs) embedded within the vest. PCMs absorb heat when they change from a solid to a liquid state. As the PCM absorbs the body's heat, it provides a cooling effect. Some vests may even combine these strategies for enhanced cooling power.

The key advantage of these cooling vests lies in their affordability. Made from readily available materials and employing relatively simple designs, they can be produced at a significantly lower cost compared to traditional cooling methods like air conditioning. This makes them a viable option for a wider range of employers and individuals, particularly those struggling financially.

Furthermore, these vests are energy-efficient. Unlike air conditioners, which consume large amounts of electricity, cooling vests require minimal to no external power source. This is particularly beneficial in a country like Bangladesh, where access to reliable electricity can be challenging. Even during power outages, these vests can continue to provide much-needed relief from the heat.

The use of cooling vests can have a significant positive impact on Bangladesh's fight against the heat wave. Studies have shown that cooling vests can lower core body temperature by several degrees, leading to crucial benefits like cooler workers being less tired and working longer without experiencing heat stress. This translates into faster completion of projects, improved efficiency, and a boost to the nation's economy.

Cooling vests can prevent serious injuries and even fatalities by reducing the risk of heatstroke and other heat-related illnesses. This not only protects the lives of workers but also reduces the burden on healthcare systems.

Feeling cooler and more comfortable can boost morale and satisfaction. This can lead to a more engaged workforce and a positive work environment.

The benefits of cooling vests extend beyond the workplace. For those living in poverty, particularly in densely populated slums, these vests can be a life-saving tool. By providing a cooling effect, they can help to prevent heatstroke and other heat-related illnesses, safeguarding the health and well-being of vulnerable populations. This is especially crucial for children, older adults, and those with pre-existing health conditions who are at a higher risk of complications from extreme heat.

While cooling vests offer a promising solution, some challenges exist. Ensuring proper fit and ventilation is crucial for optimal performance. A vest that is too tight can restrict airflow and reduce cooling effectiveness. Regular maintenance and cleaning of the vests are also essential to maintain hygiene and prevent the growth of bacteria.

Accessibility is another key concern. While low-cost compared to air conditioners, for some living in poverty, the initial cost of a vest might still be a barrier. Government initiatives and subsidies could play a crucial role in making these vests more accessible to those who need them most. Partnerships with NGOs and community organisations can ensure effective distribution and raise awareness about the benefits of cooling vests.

The extreme heat wave gripping Bangladesh is a wake-up call. It underscores the urgency of climate action and the need for innovative solutions to protect lives and livelihoods. Low-cost, energy-efficient cooling vests offer a practical and potentially transformative tool in this fight.

Encouraging local cooling vest production can reduce costs and ensure wider availability. Government support for manufacturers and partnerships with social enterprises can expedite this process.

Raising awareness about the dangers of extreme heat and the benefits of cooling vests is crucial. Educational campaigns targeting workers and the general public can encourage wider adoption of this technology.

Incentivising employers in high-risk sectors like construction and agriculture to provide cooling vests can significantly improve worker safety and productivity. Government regulations and tax breaks could be implemented to encourage such participation.

Developed nations can play a vital role by supporting research and creating even more efficient and affordable cooling vest technologies. Sharing knowledge and expertise with Bangladesh can accelerate innovation and improve the effectiveness of these life-saving tools.

The scorching heat wave in Bangladesh is a stark reminder of the challenges posed by climate change. However, the story doesn't have to end in despair. The emergence of low-cost, energy-efficient cooling vests offers a glimmer of hope. By embracing this technology and a collective effort towards increased production, accessibility, and awareness, Bangladesh can build resilience against the scorching heat.

Cooling vests are not a silver bullet, but they represent a crucial step towards safeguarding its people's health, well-being, and productivity in the face of a relentless heat wave.

The lessons learned in Bangladesh can serve as a blueprint for other vulnerable nations battling the searing realities of climate change. Ultimately, overcoming this crisis requires a global commitment to innovation, collaboration, and the well-being of those at risk. By harnessing the power of collective action, we can transform this burning crisis into an opportunity to build a more resilient future for Bangladesh and the world.

The writer is a researcher and development worker.