Md Jahedul Islam

A robot is a kind of electro-mechanical mechanical system. A robot is an automatic device that is designed in such a way that it can perform a specific task or multiple tasks by itself with proper speed and accuracy. Robots can work seamlessly and accurately. Basically a robot is a machine that follows instructions sent by humans.

A robot is programmed by humans in such a way that it can perform complex human tasks very easily in a short time and efficiently. Robots take one or more data inputs from humans and analyze that data to produce an output. Meanwhile robotics is a technology branch whose main subject is robots. A skilled programmer programs a robot in such a way that it can work in complex environments. A robot can also work automatically and it can also be controlled remotely. A robot can look like a human and can be any other shape.

A robot is programmable or a robot will act the way it is programmed. Programming plays a major role behind the functioning of robots. There are basically three things that make a robot work perfectly. These are hardware, software, and artificial intelligence (AI). Hardware is the part of the robot through which a robot can communicate with the real world. 

The hardware part of a robot includes electrical motors, sensors, power supply, controller, electrical circuit, processor, etc. All these together make up the physical part of a robot. Meanwhile software works like a bridge. Its main function is to establish a connection between the brain (Artificial Intelligence) of the robot and the hardware of the body. The most important part of a robot is artificial intelligence (AI).

Artificial intelligence is the brain of the robot. Through which a robot can give itself any instructions or information. Later this instruction or information can be analyzed to make a decision or do something. This artificial intelligence is usually developed by a programmer or developer. The more powerful and efficient a robot's artificial intelligence is the more powerful and efficient the robot will be. Each robot has certain attributes. Example - humanoid robots are robots that look exactly like humans. For example the robot Sophia is a humanoid robot. The robots that work alongside humans in factories are usually called industrial robots. The robots that are used in healthcare are called healthcare robots. Healthcare robots are used in various healthcare tasks ranging from patient operations, health care, disinfection. Meanwhile drone is also a type of robot.

It is also called unmanned aerial vehicle. Military & Security robots are used for various tasks of armies. Such robots are also very popular for security. Also research robots are usually born in a university or a laboratory. The main function of such robots is to help researchers in research. Robots that can move automatically like cars are called self-driving robots. Water is the favorite place of underwater robots. These robots include deep-sea submersibles like "Aquanaut", diving humanoids like "Ocean One", etc. there are different types of robots in the system. The biggest difference between a robot and a computer is that a computer can only monitor the work. No change in the real world is possible for a computer.

A robot is able to navigate its environment. On the other hand it is not possible for a computer to do that. Robots are built on the principles of artificial intelligence that can act like humans or various intelligent animals. Every robot as well as those who work with robots or robotics must obey three laws. The first law of robotics is that a robot cannot injure a human or harm a human through inaction. According to the second law of robotics a robot must obey commands given by humans. Where such order would conflict with the First Act. The Third Law of Robotics on the other hand states that a robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Laws. A programmer can develop a robot in such a way.

As a result the robot will be able to express different emotions like humans. But it won't really be before robots. It is not possible for a robot to feel emotions such as anger, happiness, love. If a robot could express emotions like a human. Then the precise reason for this would be the way a programmer developed the robot. A robot is helping us as well as it may be a danger to us at some point. Maybe we are causing our own harm. So we have to be very careful in making and using robots. In the current era of modern information technology the Internet has gradually started to spread its scope. Internet is essential today even in space research and data storage.

Now the importance of internet is increasing in controlling the robots in space from the earth. This method of controlling robots from the ground via the Internet is called the Disruption Tolerant Networking (DTN) protocol. DTN will be used in future space exploration and remote wireless network management. The DTN method is not much different from the Internet technology used by Bhuprishta. But it doesn't spend much time establishing control over objects millions of miles away. DTN will play an important role as a new state-of-the-art technology strategy in establishing wireless remote connectivity between satellites, spacecraft, space stations and Earth. Due to the various storms and hostile weather conditions in the solar system, establishing such connections takes considerable time. DTN will play a very effective role in making information more dynamic in time and distance. Also, the 'RoboEarth' website has been created to connect the internet system between the robots. Robots will be able to exchange information among themselves through this special internet system. Through this latest technology the robot will be connected to its own internet system and the robot brain will be filled with a huge database like Wikipedia.

The robot's memory will also have a mechanism to share these updated data and store new data. They can collect data for each other and store it in a cloud-based data repository. Experts can also add various information to it. As a result the robots will be able to carry out the activities with ease. "RoboEarth" is a world wide web, network giant and rich database for robots. From here the robots can learn a lot from each other through information exchange. On the other hand currently in the world mobile phone operated robots are called 'Cellbot'. Mobile phone edge/GPRS internet is used as communication medium. Also the robot uses bluetooth or any other internet enabled device. With the Internet as the communication medium, the robot can be controlled wirelessly without any external wire contact. Using the GPS of the mobile phone where the robot is located at that moment can be seen on Google Maps. As the mobile and the robot communicate wirelessly through the internet, this type of 'Cellbot' robot can be operated from any part of the world with the help of a mobile. More and more types of robots are being developed which are playing a role in improving the quality of life of people in various ways.

The writer is a Network Technician (ICT Cell) Jagannath University, Dhaka.