Dr Matiur Rahman

Cox's Bazar, known for its breathtaking natural beauty, long sandy coastline, and vibrant culture, has long been a cherished destination for both domestic and international tourists. However, as the allure of this coastal paradise has grown, so too has the problem of overtourism. In recent years, Cox's Bazar has faced a surge in tourist numbers, leading to numerous challenges that threaten its natural environment, local communities, and the overall tourism experience.

Cox's Bazar, located in southeastern Bangladesh, is renowned for its unspoiled beaches that stretch for approximately 120 kilometres along the Bay of Bengal. With lush hills on one side and the vast expanse of the sea on the other, this region offers a unique blend of natural beauty and cultural richness. The bustling town is dotted with vibrant markets, diverse culinary delights, and a warm and welcoming community.

For decades, Cox's Bazar has been a magnet for tourists seeking tranquillity, adventure, and relaxation. Its pristine beaches, numerous waterfalls, and the famous Himchari and Inani beaches have drawn visitors from near and far. The local culture, including the indigenous communities, has added to the region's allure. However, as the world has become more interconnected, and travel more accessible, the charm of Cox's Bazar has become a double-edged sword.

Overtourism is a term that has gained prominence in recent years as destinations around the world grapple with the consequences of excessive tourism. It refers to a situation where a location experiences an unsustainable influx of tourists, often resulting in negative impacts on the environment, infrastructure, and the quality of life for residents. Cox's Bazar is no exception to this global phenomenon.

One of the most visible impacts of overtourism in Cox's Bazar is the strain it places on the natural environment. The excessive footfall of tourists can lead to beach erosion, pollution of the sea and surrounding areas, and damage to delicate ecosystems. Unplanned construction and improper waste disposal exacerbate these issues, threatening the beauty that attracts tourists in the first place.

Infrastructure also bears the brunt of overtourism. The surge in visitors places stress on local resources such as water, electricity, and transportation. Roads become congested, garbage disposal systems struggle to cope, and water sources may deplete faster than they can be replenished. These issues not only inconvenience tourists but also impact the daily lives of residents.

Furthermore, the social fabric of Cox's Bazar faces challenges due to overtourism. The sudden influx of tourists can lead to overcrowding, which in turn can disrupt the peace and tranquillity that residents once enjoyed. The price of land and housing may rise beyond the reach of locals, pushing some out of their ancestral homes. This can result in a sense of alienation and resentment among the indigenous communities who have called this region home for generations.

While overtourism presents a host of challenges, it is also essential to acknowledge its economic dimension. Tourism is a significant contributor to the local economy in Cox's Bazar, providing jobs and livelihoods to many residents. The influx of tourists brings business to hotels, restaurants, souvenir shops, and various service providers. It can boost the income of locals and improve their overall quality of life.

However, the economic benefits of tourism must be balanced with its negative impacts. The unregulated expansion of the tourism industry can lead to the exploitation of workers, especially in low-wage jobs, and the concentration of wealth in the hands of a few. This economic paradox underscores the need for sustainable tourism practices that benefit both the local economy and the environment.

Addressing the challenges of overtourism in Cox's Bazar requires a multi-pronged approach, with active participation from both the government and the private sector. Regulation and policy measures play a pivotal role in managing and mitigating the impacts of overtourism.

One crucial aspect of regulation is controlling construction and development in ecologically sensitive areas. Strict zoning laws and environmental impact assessments can help preserve the natural beauty of Cox's Bazar. Similarly, waste management regulations must be enforced to prevent pollution of beaches and water bodies.

In addition, the government can implement measures to diversify tourism offerings beyond the beaches. Promoting cultural tourism, adventure tourism, and eco-tourism can distribute tourist footfall across the region and reduce the pressure on popular beach destinations.

The responsibility for addressing overtourism does not rest solely with the government. The tourism industry itself must adopt sustainable practices that prioritize the long-term health of the destination. This includes responsible waste management, energy conservation, and water efficiency measures.

Tour operators can play a vital role in promoting responsible tourism by educating their clients about the local environment and culture. Encouraging tourists to respect the local customs, conserve resources, and minimize their environmental impact can go a long way in preserving Cox's Bazar for future generations.

Moreover, the concept of carrying capacity should be central to tourism planning. Determining the maximum number of tourists an area can sustainably accommodate without causing harm is essential for maintaining the region's attractiveness.

Engaging and empowering the local community is a critical aspect of addressing overtourism. Residents should have a voice in shaping the future of their region and in deciding how tourism is managed. Involving indigenous communities and ensuring they benefit from tourism economically and culturally is vital.

Tourism can be a force for positive change when local communities are actively engaged in its development. Creating opportunities for locals to participate in the tourism industry, whether through entrepreneurship, cultural exchanges, or skill development, can lead to a more inclusive and sustainable model of tourism.

Cox's Bazar is a jewel in Bangladesh's tourism crown, but its appeal has led to the challenge of overtourism. Balancing the need for economic development with the preservation of its natural beauty and the well-being of its residents is a complex task. However, it is a task that must be undertaken with urgency and care.

Through responsible regulation, sustainable tourism practices, and community involvement, Cox's Bazar can find a way to harness the benefits of tourism while mitigating its negative impacts. The goal should not be to discourage tourism but to ensure that it enriches the region in a way that is equitable and sustainable.

Ultimately, Cox's Bazar can continue to captivate the hearts of visitors for generations to come, provided that the paradise is preserved and its people and environment are safeguarded from the perils of overtourism. The responsibility lies not only with the authorities but with all stakeholders, including tourists themselves, in nurturing this coastal gem for the future.

The writer is a researcher and development worker.