Dhaka, one of the most densely populated and rapidly growing megacities in the world, is home to approximately 21 million people. As the population has grown, the number of vehicles on the road has increased significantly, leading to traffic congestion on almost every major route. This issue not only disrupts daily commuting but also negatively impacts economic productivity and social well-being.

Causes of Traffic Congestion : 

1. Excessive Vehicle Pressure

The increasing number of private cars is a major contributor to traffic congestion. The absence of dedicated lanes for public and private transport further intensifies the problem. Additionally, the number of motorcycles has risen without a corresponding expansion of roads. Many motorcyclists frequently violate traffic rules by driving against the designated one-way direction, creating further congestion.

2. Unregulated and Unauthorized Vehicles

Unlicensed auto-rickshaws, e-bikes, and battery-powered rickshaws have increased significantly. These vehicles often do not follow traffic signals and frequently obstruct intersections, exacerbating congestion. Following changes in regulations on August 5, many auto-rickshaws and e-bikes previously used in rural and suburban areas have moved into Dhaka’s narrow streets, further straining road capacity.

3. Encroachment on Roads and Footpaths

Street vendors occupying sidewalks force pedestrians to walk on the main roads, increasing congestion and safety risks. Areas such as Mirpur, Shahbagh, Gulistan, and Farmgate are particularly affected by this issue. For instance, a significant portion of the road near Mirpur-1’s Shahi Mazar area is occupied by street vendors, limiting space for both vehicles and pedestrians. Similarly, Mirpur-10 has congested intersections where footpaths and roads are heavily occupied, forcing pedestrians onto the main roads.

4. Unplanned Management of Metro Stations and Key Intersections

While Dhaka's metro rail system has improved transportation, congestion remains a challenge near metro stations. The entry and exit points of stations are often crowded with parked auto-rickshaws and rickshaws, obstructing smooth pedestrian movement. Some stations, such as Uttara Center and Agargaon, face severe congestion, making access difficult for commuters. Unregulated vehicle parking near these stations further adds to the problem.

5. Inefficient Traffic Management

There is often a shortage of traffic police in crucial areas, and adherence to traffic rules is inconsistent. Many drivers fail to follow signals, leading to disorderly traffic movement and increased congestion.

Potential Solutions :

1. Establishing Designated Markets for Street Vendors

Creating designated marketplaces for street vendors can reduce encroachment on roads and footpaths, allowing pedestrians and vehicles to move more freely. This would also help localize economic activities and reduce traffic congestion.

2. Strict Regulation of Unauthorized Vehicles

Unlicensed vehicles should be strictly regulated. Traffic authorities need to conduct regular inspections and enforcement to ensure compliance with legal requirements.

3. Improving Traffic Management

Enhancing traffic police efficiency through the use of body cameras and stricter law enforcement can improve road discipline. Installing traffic lights at key intersections and ensuring proper zebra crossings can facilitate safer pedestrian movement. Implementing motion-sensor cameras and establishing dedicated monitoring teams to track traffic violations can enhance compliance. A system of mailed or digital fines for repeated traffic offenses, with stricter penalties such as license suspension, can further reinforce discipline.

4. Removing Unauthorized Occupations from Roads

Authorities should regularly clear illegally occupied public spaces. Establishing designated local markets for street vendors, prioritizing nearby residents, can help prevent re-encroachment. This approach would also support local economic development and contribute to decentralizing Dhaka’s commercial activities.

5. Modernizing Public Transportation

The most effective way to reduce traffic congestion is by improving public transportation. The Bus Route Rationalization project should be expanded, and metro rail services should be better integrated to encourage people to shift from private vehicles to public transport.


Traffic congestion is one of Dhaka’s most pressing urban challenges, affecting the economy, productivity, and overall quality of life. A well-structured plan focusing on better traffic management, stricter vehicle regulations, and improved public transportation can significantly reduce congestion. Through effective policy implementation and urban planning, Dhaka can become a more efficient and livable city, ensuring smoother mobility for its residents.