Jarin Tasnim Rafa

Pica, pronounced "pie-kuh," is an eating disorder characterized by the compulsive consumption of non-food items that hold no nutritional value. This can include anything from dirt and clay (geophagia) to paper, soap, or even fabric (textilophagia).

While young children often put things in their mouths as they explore their surroundings, pica is diagnosed when this behavior persists for at least one month and is developmentally inappropriate for the child's age.

Who Gets Pica?

Pica can affect people of all ages, but it is most commonly diagnosed in children and pregnant women. Research suggests a connection between pica and nutritional deficiencies, particularly iron deficiency (Beat Eating Disorders [invalid URL removed]). Pica can also be associated with mental health conditions such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) .
The Dangers of Pica
The biggest concern with pica is the potential for harm. Depending on the object ingested, pica can lead to:
• Blockages in the digestive system
• Infections
• Poisoning from toxic substances
• Nutritional deficiencies if non-food items replace healthy foods

Who Does Pica Affect?

Pica can develop in people of all ages, but it's most commonly diagnosed in:
1. Children: Especially between the ages of 2 and 6, pica can be a cause for concern if the behavior persists for over a month.
2. Pregnant Women: Cravings for ice or chalk are sometimes seen during pregnancy, but true pica involves a broader range of non-food substances.

Signs and Symptoms

The key sign of pica is the persistent eating of non-food items. Depending on the substance ingested, other symptoms may include:
1. Stomach aches, constipation, or blockages.
2. Nutritional deficiencies if pica replaces healthy eating.
3. Lead poisoning or other toxicities if dangerous items are consumed.
Diagnosis and Treatment
A diagnosis of pica typically involves a physical examination, a review of eating habits, and possibly blood tests to check for nutritional deficiencies. Treatment approaches the underlying cause, if possible. This may include:
1. Nutritional counseling: to address any deficiencies and promote healthy eating habits.
2. Supplements: to correct deficiencies that might be contributing to pica.
3. Therapy: to address any underlying mental health conditions or develop behavioral strategies to manage pica urges.
4. Supervision: especially important for children or individuals at risk of consuming dangerous substances.
Importance of Early Intervention
Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for preventing complications associated with pica. Serious health risks like lead poisoning or intestinal blockages can be avoided with prompt treatment. If you suspect yourself or someone you know may have pica, seeking professional medical help is essential.
Resources and Support
Several resources can provide support and information about pica. You can reach out to:
1. National Eating Disorders Association (NEDA) Helpline: 1-800-931-2237
2. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
3. National Institute of Mental Health
By raising awareness and providing access to proper healthcare, we can help individuals with pica overcome this challenging condition and live healthy lives.

Source:
• Cleveland Clinic.
• KidsHealth
• National Eating Disorders Association (NEDA)
• Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
• National Institute of Mental Health.

The writer is a, Student, Food and Nutrition