Dr. Muhammad Mahtab Hossain Mazed

Seasonal change in Bangladesh is a unique feature of nature. Hemantkala, as the season after autumn heralds the arrival of winter on the one hand; On the other hand, summer provides time and opportunity to acclimate from warmer to cooler climates. However, health protection becomes a serious issue at this time of seasonal change. Cold, fog, dry air and temperature fluctuations can have different effects on our body. Today we will discuss the things to do to protect health during retirement.

> Physical effects during menopause

A sudden drop in temperature during winter has various effects on the body. Cold and dry weather causes dry skin, increased breathing difficulties and various cold-related diseases such as cold, cough, fever and respiratory tract infections. Children, the elderly and those with weakened immune systems are at risk during this time.

With the change of weather and climate comes the variation of temperature in the environment. And this temperature variation creates a suitable environment for various types of pathogens. Therefore, it can be seen that people are very easily affected by flu and other viral diseases. Due to the extreme heat and humidity changes in summer, the body sweats a lot. This excessive sweating leads to increased bacterial infection, which is a very common cause of various illnesses and fevers. During the summer, some people's allergy problems increase. Dust causes eye irritation, viral eye infections. Moreover, among those who are farmers, the incidence of fever increases quite a lot at the time of harvest. It is basically the result of an allergic reaction due to exposure to various allergens in the crop. Apart from this, various stomach problems also increase in excess heat. In summer, outside food or drink is usually consumed more, as a result stomach problems especially the prevalence of various water borne diseases increasesOn the other hand, the incidence of allergies increases greatly due to dryness in winter. In addition to dry skin, eczema, psoriasis, cold, asthma, respiratory problems also increase. With the change of season comes various infectious diseases like flu which spread very quickly from one person to another. The rhinovirus or corona virus responsible for colds also spreads faster when the weather is a little cold. Also, the dry air of winter makes the influenza virus spread faster and accelerates the tendency to become infected. Bacterial infections and sinus problems also increase during this time. Allergy problems are also caused by increasing dust in dry air. The change of season is mainly an occasion. At this time, due to the attack of various germs and changes in the environment, the prevalence of diseases is high, with which our body cannot adapt properly. Therefore, to stay healthy during the change of season, we need awareness, adequate sleep, exercise and cleanliness. In addition to this, healthy food should be eaten which will increase the immunity of the body. In this winter season, people of different ages suffer from various diseases or the incidence of various diseases increases. So in the winter season we all have to be a little more careful and aware to live a comfortable life. But remember, caution and awareness save us from the attack of many diseases. In the winter season, the incidence of our diseases are: cold, cough, fever, pneumonia, asthma, skin diseases and rheumatic diseases* Cold and Cough : Almost all people suffer from cold and cough at the beginning of the change of season. Fever is associated with it. Frequent runny nose and sneezing. Sometimes headache, body ache, sore throat are common ailments. These diseases have common symptoms. These diseases are caused by influenza. Apart from that, such diseases can also occur due to viruses. Generally, those who have less antibodies or immune system in their body suffer more from this disease. Bacteria can also attack by taking advantage of the body's vulnerability to virus attack. If your runny nose is very thick or yellowish or cough comes with yellowish sputum, assume you have a bacterial infection. If you have high fever, sore throat and cough, you must consult a doctor.
* What to do : In case of cold and cough, contact with others, especially children, should be done very carefully. Because children can be affected by this disease through sneezing.
* No spit or nose water or mucus should be thrown there. * Handkerchiefs, towels or clothes used by oneself should not be allowed to be used by others or children. * Fresh nutritious food should be taken. Especially vitamin C-rich foods should be taken. * Vegetables should be eaten more. * Avoid stale or cold food* Gargle with lukewarm water. * You can drink red tea with cinnamon, lemon, cardamom. * If you feel cold, you can use a warm hat covering your ears or a muffler around your neck. * You can use a mask while walking outside or on the road. * Asthma:- Asthma or asthmatic breathing disease. This disease is not only of winter but of the whole year. But it increases in winter season. So caution and awareness is very necessary before the severe winter comes. This can keep the disease under control and reduce the amount of suffering* Cause: Allergic foods such as shrimp, beef, hilsa fish, etc., air and smoke, dust, flower particles, etc. enter the lungs during breathing can cause asthma. Asthma can also be hereditary. Asthma can also be caused by colds and coughs in children.
* Symptoms :* Sudden shortness of breath.
* Breathing causes suffocation.* Lips turn blue and throat veins swell.* Patient breathes loudly.* Wheezing in chest.* White sputum comes out with cough.* Patient's rib during breathing. Sometimes the skin goes inside* At night the patient sits up from the bed because it is difficult to breathe.* Do:* Foods which increase breathing difficulty should be avoided.* Cold should not be applied to the body.* Sufficient amount of light and air should be provided in the room.* Contact with which asthma increases. It should be avoided, such as: animal hair, artificial fibers* Smoking, Gul, white leaves, jorda should be completely avoided.* Follow the doctor's advice.
* Liquid food should be taken during shortness of breath. * Stay away from dust.
* Pneumonia: Pneumonia is a lung disease. Overexposure to cold can lead to pneumonia. It is a deadly disease for children and adults. Pneumonia is one of the leading causes of death in children under the age of 5 worldwide. Pneumonia is one of the causes of child death in Bangladesh. As a result of caution and awareness of the parents, this disease can be avoided to a large extent. This disease is preventable and curable with proper treatment.
Cause: Bacteria called pneumococcus is one of the causes of this disease. Apart from that, various types of bacteria, viruses and fungi can cause pneumonia.
* Symptoms:-* Accumulation of mucus-like fluid in the lungs causes phlegm.* Cough and shortness of breath.* High fever.* If more affected, there is an average sound in the chest* There is severe respiratory distress and the children squirm due to difficulty in breathing.* Actions: Do not apply cold. Light and soft warm clothes suitable for winter should be used.* Do not bathe in cold water. Bath should be done in tolerably hot water.* Children should not be taken near children or people suffering from cold cough sneezing. Many diseases can spread through sneezing.
* Children should be kept away from dust, stove smoke, mosquito coils and cigarette smoke. * Liquid and nutritious food should be taken* The most important thing is that if the child has wet clothes under him while he sleeps, they should be removed or changed immediately. If the child has wet clothes under him for a long time, it can cause serious problems due to cold*Skin diseases: In winter, the combination of low temperature with the weather and dust can cause various health problems in our health. One of these problems is skin disease. Which increases its prevalence in winter. During winter, water is absorbed from the skin due to reduced water vapor in the air. As a result, the skin or the skin becomes dry. This problem is more or less common in men and women of all ages. Especially legs, both sides of abdomen and lips are more affected. If dust sticks to the feet, the feet may crack. Apart from that, if you don't take care of your lips, lips can become chapped due to lack of nutritious food. Chapped lips are the biggest problem in winter. Under our skin are microscopic glands called sebaceous glands that secrete an oil-like sap. It is called sebum. Which mixes with the sweat on our scalp and spreads throughout the skin and keeps the skin smooth and moisturized. And due to the decrease in the amount of water vapor in the air in winter, the sebaceous glands coming out of the body cannot spread properly on the skin. As a result, the skin of the body becomes dry and wrinkled or tightOn the other hand, the skin on our lips is thinner than the rest of the body. Apart from that, because the lips are under the nose, the hot air of our body makes the lips more dry during exhalation or exhalation, so the lips are more chapped in winter. Apart from that, those who repeatedly wet their tongue and lips have more chapped lips. Direct sunlight can cause dry skin in any season. Again, soaps, cleansers and detergents contain alkali, which absorbs the water and oil from the alkaline skin or skin while cleaning the skin, resulting in dry skin. If you don't drink enough water, the skin becomes dry due to lack of water in the body.
* What to do: Those who have such problems should take a short bath in hot water.
* Use as little alkaline soap as possible. * After bathing, use body moisturizers such as petroleum jelly, glycerin, various lotions. * Use pure olive oil all over the body in winter. It will make the skin of the body neither cracked nor smooth and cold will be less.* Use petroleum jelly on hands, feet and lips.* Use vaseline, glycerin, olive oil, mustard oil to protect the skin.* Do not stay in the sun for long.
* Do not use strong flame. It can cause skin problems* Dandruff occurs on the head in winter so shampoo should be used more frequently. During the winter season, the skin may become scaly. So be clean. If any problem occurs, consult a doctor.
* Pain: In our country, most adults suffer from various body pains. In this country, 65 percent of the population above 50 suffer from pain related problems. Joints that bear body weight and are overused are especially prone to pain. Neck, waist, solder joints, knee pain, leg pain and spine pain are significant. Problems in various parts of the head are caused by problems with the muscles or vertebrae of the spine, torn ligaments, degeneration of the discs between two vertebrae or problems. And age-related bone and joint loss. * What to do:- * If the pain is severe, rest for at least 7 days. * When sleeping in bed, tilt to any side and practice lying down and getting up. * Do not do any work with your neck down. * Sit on the chair with your spine straight instead of sitting on a chair, folded or on the floor.
* Sleep on a firm bed.
* Do not carry heavy loads on head or hands.
* Keep body weight under control.
* Do not eat full stomach. Rather, eat little by little.* Do not do any massage.* Hold the handle slowly when climbing the stairs.* Do not sit or stand in one place for a long time.* Do not use high-heeled shoes for women.* Moderate while sleeping. Use size pillows* Do not hold or lift heavy objects suddenly from standing. If any problem occurs, consult an experienced doctor.
Finally, I would like to say that the incidence of diseases is also increasing with the change of season. Outbreaks of cold, cough and fever are also occurring. In order to develop a strong immune system in this situation, a few rules must be followed. Therefore, people have to be more careful to follow and live health protection in the beginning of winter.

The writer is a, Columnist and researcher Founder and Chairman,Jatiya Rogi Kallyan Society